CSM or PSM - which Certification to choose?

CSM and PSM are the leading Scrum Master Certifications.

There are a number of different organizations offering different certification programs.

It's important to understand the true purpose of certification in order to properly evaluate the options.

Let's take a step back and consider for a moment what the purpose of certification is. It's really all about trust and competency - some group, ideally impartial, is willing to certify that they believe you are capable of performing a certain role by possessing a sufficient level of knowledge and meeting a minimum degree of competence.

How does any organization know how competent and knowledgeable you are about a subject? The obvious way is to have some assessment of your abilities and this has been common with many certification programs throughout IT from Microsoft Certified Professionals to Cisco Certified Network Engineers.

To evaluate the value of any certification we need to consider:

• How knowledge or competency in a subject is evaluated
• How rigorous is the assessment process
• How many certificates have been issued
• How much the certification program costs
• How likely is it that an unskilled person could pass

There are some surprising differences between the different programs ...

The most widely held and recognized Scrum certification available.

The Certified Scrum Master (CSM) program was the first scrum certification available and is certainly the most well known and widely recognized.

It is completely linked to attendance of a 2 day Scrum Master Training Course and up until recently attending the course absolutely guaranteed that you would then become certified as a CSM.

This led to inevitable criticism of the program as even if someone had no experience of scrum, demonstrated no expertize or knowledge of it and even slept through the entire training course itself they would still walk out of the course as a Certified Scrum Master simply by attending and paying for it (or typically, having their company pay for it).

By all accounts the courses themselves are fun and interesting and informative about Scrum and Agile although the quality may be variable and depends very much on the specific instructor and the materials they provide. But gaining a certification simply by paying a fee and by virtue of attendance does nothing but devalue it in the long run.

In an effort to address the growing criticism, an assessment factor was introduced during 2012 in an attempt to reassert its value and authenticity as a certification. The price of the assessment is included as part of the course fee and the assessment cannot be taken without previously attending an official training course. However, the assessment process is still not considered arduous:

• Course attendees have 90 days to take the online assessment
• There is no time limit to the assessment itself
• The assessment can be paused and doesn't need to be completed in one sitting
• Incorrect answers are highlighted and can be re-submitted after research
• Requires correctly answering 24 out of 35 multiple choice questions (68%)
• Answers to all questions (correct and incorrect) are shown after passing
• Anyone who manages to fail can re-try for a $25 fee

Really, the assessment is not onerous and seems like a token attempt to add a veneer of validity to the certification process which still relies mostly on paying a course fee and turning up.

This is a shame because the weakness of the assessment and doubt that it casts over the validity of the CSM certification itself does the training a disservice as the course itself is highly regarded as a useful introduction to agile methodologies. The focus certainly seems to have been the promotion of training courses with certification added as a way to 'sell' them.

The CSM certification must also be renewed every 2 years (as at July 2013 this costs $150). There are over 220,000 Certified Scrum Masters so the program has certainly been successful and has also helped promote the role of Agile as a viable methodology to use with software development projects.

A new Scrum certification that tries harder to assess genuine knowledge.

The Professional Scrum Master (PSM) program appears to be an attempt to have a clearer separation between conducting assessments and issuing certificates and the business of selling training courses.

While official training is available and is usually comparably priced to the CSM course, attendance of a course is not mandatory in order to obtain a PSM certification. The assessment itself costs $100 to take separately with this fee typically included in the cost of a training course.

You can download the official Scrum Guide for free from the Scrum.org website and they also provide a free Open Assessment to evaluate your readiness for taking the real test. The Open Assessment is the exact same format as the real assessment and is taken from the same pool of questions so it's definitely worth spending an hour or two on to become comfortable with the format.

The PSM assessment:

• Must be taken with 14 days of purchasing a password
• Requires correctly answering 68 out of 80 question to pass (85%)
• Has a 60 minute time limit and cannot be paused
• Consists of multiple choice and multi-select questions / answers
• Failure requires purchase of an additional attempt ($100)

The PSM training courses are based on official training material so are likely to be less variable than CSM courses although the quality of any training is still going to be very dependent on the individual instructor.

There are currently far fewer people with PSM certification than CSM - around 11,000 which can be attributed to it being new but also because the assessment process itself is far more rigorous and must command more respect in the long run as it becomes more widely known.

A summary of the two Scrum Master Certifications and how they differ.

Some of the comparisons are somewhat subjective and represent the opinions of the author.

	Certified Scrum Master / CSM	Professional Scrum Master / PSM
Attainment	by attendance	by assessment
Learning Materials	course outline only	free downloadable guide
Training Cost	typically $1,000 - $1,300	typically $1,000 - $1,300
Training Required	mandatory	optional
Training Materials	vary by instructor	standardized
Assessment	superficial	comprehensive
	35 questions, 68% pass mark, no time limit	80 questions, 85% pass mark, time limit
Certificate Renewal	every 2 years ($150)	not required
Certificates Issued	220,000	11,000